Infertility is a growing global health concern that affects more than 70 million couples annually. Fifty percent of cases
of infertility are caused by male factors, which are mostly caused by deficiencies in sperm quantity and/or quality. This
study aimed to analyze sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in subfertile men to understand potential factors
contributing to subfertility. A caseecontrol study involving 150 male participants, including 50 fertile men and 100
subfertile men, was conducted. Semen samples were collected and analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Subfertile
men showed a significantly lower semen concentration, count, and motility, as well as a lower rate of normal
morphological sperm compared to fertile men. There was also a significant association between subfertility and
smoking. These findings suggest that sperm morphology may not be a reliable indicator of subfertility in all cases.
Subfertile individuals typically display lower semen parameters. Smoking was identified as a potential contributing
factor to male subfertility.