This study investigated and measurement concentrations of certain gases and air pollutants emitted from waste sites open-air burning in four areas of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, include Al-Shamiya, Al-Daghara, Afak, and Al-Haffar, from January to March 2026. The pollutants studied included carbon dioxide (CO₂), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), and formaldehyde (HCHO). The results showed high concentrations of all measured pollutants at the four study sites, most exceeding the limits permitted by international air quality standards. Afak recorded the highest overall pollution levels compared to the other areas. The highest CO₂ concentration was recorded in Al-Shamiya at 2280 (ppm), while the lowest was recorded in Al-Haffar 438 (ppm). These findings highlight the dangers of unregulated waste burning practices and their negative impacts on air quality and the health of residents living near these sites. The study recommends taking urgent measures to reduce the phenomenon of random burning of waste in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, and adopting an integrated system for solid waste management that includes sorting, recycling and organized sanitary landfill, in addition to strengthening environmental monitoring and raising the level of community awareness of the dangers of these practices.