Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Its Association with GLP-1 and TNF-α in Male White Rats

10.29350/qjps.2025.193160
Volume 30, Issue 1
Spring 2025
Pages 312-322
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Author

Lina Abdul Hussein A. ALLaithi

Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Al-Qadisiyah Education, Iraq

Abstract
Abstract
A stomach ulcer is one of the most common disorders resulting from an imbalance between the stomach’s defence mechanisms in the mucous membrane and factors causing damage to the stomach; inflammation and a weakening of protective factors are among the causes of gastric damage. The active compound curcumin, extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, possesses active properties that may help to strengthen the gastric mucosa, thereby helping to activate defence mechanisms and consequently reduce the inflammatory response in the stomach; however, its protective effect in relation to physiological mechanisms still requires further study. Conversely, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is one of a number of gut peptides with multiple effects; it may play a regulatory role in the defence mechanisms that protect the integrity of the gastrointestinal The aim of our current study is to investigate the protective role of curcumin on GLP-1 in rats with induced gastric ulcers, whilst examining GLP-1-related markers of mucosal protection and inflammation. Intestinal damage will be assessed based on ulcer indices, alongside measurements of serum GLP-1 levels and levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gastric tissue. The anticipated results may help clarify whether the GLP-1 pathway is associated with the protective effect of curcumin, and provide a clearer physiological explanation of the mechanisms that may contribute to the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity during experimental ulceration. The study was conducted on 36 healthy white rats and lasted 30 days, Gastric ulcers were induced using 96 percent absolute ethanol over a period of 6 days, using doses of (5 and 2.5) ml/kg body weight administered orally, Gastric ulcers were induced in three groups, with the exception of the control group (C), which was administered 10 ml/kg body weight of maize oil, used as a solvent for curcumin. In the first group (T1), gastric ulcers were induced throughout the duration of the experiment, Group 3 (T2) was administered curcumin at a concentration of 100 mg/kg dissolved in 10 ml/kg of maize oil, whilst Group 4 was administered curcumin at a concentration of 200 mg/kg dissolved in 10 ml/kg of maize oil, At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed. The results showed reduced levels of GLP-1 and PGE2 in the animals in which gastric ulcers had been induced by ethanol, along with elevated levels of TNF-α in the gastric tissue, in contrast, the groups treated with curcumin at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed an increase in GLP-1 and PGE2 levels, accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α levels.
The anticipated results may help to clarify whether the GLP-1 pathway is involved in the protective effect of curcumin, and provide a clearer physiological explanation of the mechanisms that may contribute to the preservation of gastric mucosal integrity during experimental ulceration.

Keywords

Curcumin, Gastric Ulcer, Glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), Tumor Necrosis&ndash
alpha (TNF-&alpha
)

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